Mango (Mangifera Indica) History, Demography and location By

Farooq Khalid (Philosopher in Chemistry) 



Many researchers consider that Mangifera Indica has originated mainly from India owing to a wide cluster of varieties native to this country. taxonomical and molecular results have also ascertained an evolution of Mangifera Indica within a region that includes northeastern India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. Trading routes have been the source for Mangifera Indica’s spread from its origin. Arabs are considered responsible for Mangifera’s spread in east Africa. In this way, Mangifera Indica’s cultivation spread widely not only in tropical but also in the sub-tropical region. Mango's name comes from Malayalam, in 1685, Mangifera was given as a name first time by botinus. Mangifera arbour was referred by Linnaeus in 1747.  Later on, in 1753, it finally got its name Mangifera Indica.


Mango has widely been cultivated in southeast Asia and India since the fifteenth century. But traders from Spain and Portuguese are considered responsible for mango’s widespread in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. At the start of the twentieth century, various cultivars of mango from Asia and India were brought to the mango development centre in Florida, where many cultivars were chosen and distributed widely. These cultivars were based on aroma, milder taste, colourful skin and larger fruit size. Fortunately, these cultivars are still considered on a priority basis in international trade.

The Stem bark of Mangifera Indica is a potential remedy against helminthic and allergy. It has been found that Mangifera Indica aqueous extract from leaves reduced the blood glucose level of diabetic mice.

Mangifera Indica prefers a warm, wild, frost-free climate with well suitable winter dry season. Reductions in fruit yields have been observed in the case of Mangifera Indica owing to rain plus high humidity during the growth of fruit and flowering. Tree of Mangifera Indica normally flowers from themed to late winter and fruits get mature from early to mid-summer months. Mangos are widely produced in India (13,557,100), China (4,140,290), Thailand (2,469,810), Indonesia (2,150,000), Pakistan (1,728,000), Mexico (1,509,270), Brazil (1,197,690), Nigeria (831,489), Bangladesh (828,168) and Philippines (771,441). Note: quantities given above are in metric tons.



By considering the data available, Mango kernel waste can produce 123,000 metric tons of high-quality edible oil with enhanced functional and oxidative properties.  Pakistan can extract 91.53 tons of oil from 915.3-thousand-ton production. The percentage of oil extracted varies with each type of cultivar. On average, a stone of mango makes 10% of its fruit weight and the kernel makes 75% of the seed weight. It has been found that the seed of mango contains 10% of oil. India can extract 30,000 tons of oil from 4 million tons of annual production.

 Mango is one of the most consumed fresh fruits in the world, with worldwide production exceeding 35 million metric tons in 2009. To obtain an exact figure for total dried mango production worldwide is a hard nut to crack. A large amount of dried mango is imported by the countries possessing full processing equipment. However, statistics may reveal that the USA is the major importer of fresh and dried mango followed by China, the Netherland, Germany and the United Kingdom. World import of mango was 1206,768t/year. Among the largest dried mango importing countries are the USA (332108t/year), Netherland (142035t/year), China (115140t/year), Germany (48451t/year), United Kingdom (47578t/year), Canada (46648t/year), France (32130t/year), Japan (10543t/year) and Spain (32233t/year).

 

 

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